第一章基于销售时产品缺陷的商业产品销售者责任
Chapter 1- Liability of Commercial Product Sellers Based on Product Defects at Time of Sale
主题1普遍适用于产品的责任规则
Topic 1- Liability Rules Applicable to Products Generally
§1.商业销售者或者分发者因缺陷产品导致损害的责任
从事产品销售或者以其他方式分发 [1]的经营者,销售或者分发缺陷产品,应对该缺陷所造成的人身或者财产损害承担责任。
1 Liability of Commercial Seller or Distributor for Harm Caused by Defective Products
One engaged in the business of selling or otherwise distributing products who sells or distributes a defective product is subject to liability for harm to persons or property caused by the defect.
§2.产品缺陷的种类
产品在销售或者分发时,包含制造缺陷,设计存在缺陷,或者因为说明或警示不充分而存在缺陷,则该产品存在缺陷。产品:
(a)如果背离其设计意图,即便在该产品准备和营销过程中已尽到所有可能的注意,那么(产品)包含制造缺陷;
(b)如果可预见的因该产品引起的损害风险能够通过销售者或以其他方式分发者,或者他们在分销商业链中的前手,通过采纳合理替代性设计而减少或者避免,而没有采纳合理替代性设计致使产品不具有合理性安全,那么(产品)设计存在缺陷;
(c)如果可预见的因该产品引起的损害风险能够通过销售者或以其他方式分发者,或者他们在分销商业链中的前手,通过提供合理的说明或警示而减少或者避免,而没有提供合理的说明或警示致使产品不具有合理性安全,那么(产品)因说明或警示不足而存在缺陷。
2 Categories of Product Defect
A product is defective when, at the time of sale or distribution, it contains a manufacturing defect, is defective in design, or is defective because of inadequate instructions or warnings. A product: